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Common Fishing Techniques - Netting
Netting is one of the oldest and most widespread fishing methods globally. It involves using nets—structures made of mesh and thread—to capture fish. The specific technique and net type used are highly dependent on the target species, the environment, and local regulations.
Key Types of Fishing NetsDifferent nets are designed to exploit specific fish behaviors or habitats. The table below outlines several common types.
Net Type | Description | Target Species | Environment |
|---|---|---|---|
Gillnets | Vertical panels of netting set in a straight line that entangle fish by their gills when they try to pass through. | Salmon, cod, mackerel | Open water, near-surface, or bottom |
Seine Nets | Very long nets that are set in a large circle and then drawn in, herding and enclosing the fish. | Sardines, anchovies, tuna | Shore-based (beach seines) or open ocean (purse seines) |
Trawl Nets | Large, cone-shaped nets towed by a boat through the water or along the seabed. | Shrimp, groundfish (e.g., flounder, sole) | Mid-water or bottom (demersal) |
Cast Nets | Small, circular nets with weights around the perimeter that are cast by hand and sink, capturing fish as the net is pulled in. | Baitfish, small schooling fish | Shallow water, rivers, and ponds |
Trammel Nets | Three layers of netting (two large-mesh outer layers and a fine-mesh inner layer) that trap fish in a pocket. | Carp, various demersal fish | Bottom of lakes or shallow coastal areas |
While netting is an effective fishing method, certain techniques can have significant environmental impacts. For example, bottom trawling can damage sensitive seafloor habitats, and non-selective nets can lead to high levels of bycatch (unintentionally catching non-target species).
Efforts to improve sustainability include:
- Gear Modifications: Using Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) or Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs) in trawl nets.
- Time and Area Closures: Restricting netting during spawning seasons or in sensitive habitats.
- Net Specifications: Regulating mesh size to allow juvenile fish to escape.
Fisheries management agencies typically regulate netting through a combination of licenses, gear restrictions, and enforcement. Specific rules can vary significantly by region.
For local regulations concerning netting, consult the official guide published by the regional authority.
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